A chronic operational problem with circulating fluidized bed boilers is ash buildup or agglomeration that turns into slag, which forces frequent shutdowns for cleaning. Solving the problem is tricky, ...

Firms, on average, are more productive in larger cities, which is often attributed to agglomeration economies that are considered to generate benefits as positive externalities. However, recent ...

Copper is present in ores in the form of carbonates, sulfates, silicates, oxides and hydroxides with the most common minerals being malachite, azurite, cuprite, chrysocolla and tenorite. Copper is ...

This is because tiny particles with a high surface area and molecular gravity are more likely to agglomerate than coarse particles. Furthermore, agglomeration affects sintering efficiency and raises ...

The large literature on agglomeration economies attests to the higher average productivity of firms in larger cities. However, this literature focuses on positive externalities, and a second potential ...