The speed of light varies in materials, impacting fiber optics, laser systems, and semiconductor lithography through complex ...

Meta-optics is a rapidly emerging field that combines the principles of metamaterials and optical engineering to control and manipulate light in unprecedented ways. It involves the design and ...

Nano-optics, by bridging the gap between classical optics and nanotechnology, explores light at dimensions smaller than its wavelength. It leverages phenomena like plasmonics, near-field optics, and ...

Ground-level photon volume concentrations (𝑁) in the Johnson-Cousins 𝑉𝐽 band, associated with the horizontal irradiance produced by the artificial brightness of the night sky, in an area comprising ...