Electrons have three intrinsic properties: spin, charge and orbital angular momentum. Researchers have long studied how to ...

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) presents a promising degree of freedom for enhancing data transmission in optical communications. By utilising the helical phase front of light beams, OAM offers a ...

a) In a weak magnetic field, broad cyclotron orbits suppress the orbital contribution, allowing spin polarization to dominate, (b) In strong magnetic fields, tight cyclotron orbits enhance orbital ...

Light can carry angular momentum in two distinct ways. One comes from polarization, which describes how the electric field rotates. The other comes ...